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IEEE Referencing Guide: In-Text Citation

IEEE Referencing Guide

In-Text Citations

In-Text Citations 

In-Text Citations

In-text citations

Each time you introduce in your work an idea, thought or theory that belongs to another person, a reference number should be added and enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [1], [2].

The general rules for creating an in-text citation are:

  • Numbers are added sequentially.
  • The reference number should be included inside the punctuation within a sentence.
  • If you are using the same reference more than once, it will keep the same number all the way through, e.g. Burton [3] will be [3] all the way through your work. If a new page number or other information is acknowledged, add this after the reference number within the square brackets, e.g. [3, p.28].
  • Use "et al." when three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text, e.g. Demonstrated by Herron et al.
  • In-text numbers are matched to full, numbered references for each publication in a reference list.

 

What does an in-text citation look like?

The way in which an in-text appears in your work mainly depends on whether or not you wish the name of the author to actually appear within the general narrative of your work. i.e. the name of the author occurs within your text. 

 

Example of a narrative In-text citation

Some vibration and noise sources give rise to annoyance to people and every so often damage to property. Vibration in either digital or analogue panel meters can cause their malfunction or difficulty in reading the meters [1]. Hence one of the significant goals of vibration study is to monitor, analyse and reduce vibrations through proper design of machines and their mountings [2], [3].

According to [4], the complexity of mechanical and electrical systems and applications of vibratory equipment in them have increased markedly in recent years. For example, vibration is put to work in vibrating power tools like jackhammers and chainsaws, vibratory feeders and conveyors, hoppers, sieves, electric toothbrushes, dentist’s drills, mobile phones, including the fitness machines in recent times [5].  It has been emphasised in [6] that an important consideration in designing of electronic equipment is that it must work with a high degree of reliability in severe vibration and shock environments. Ozansoy [7] has further argued that the process of designing the electronic equipment also needs to account for the severe thermal environments in which the equipment will be operating.

 

Full reference for the Reference list

[1]     M. C. Potter and R. Mackiewicz, Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, 2nd ed. Upper                 Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2015, pp. 17–19.

[2]     J. D. Bellamy, Introduction to Machine Vibration. New York: Wiley, 2010.

[3]     C. Jacks, Machinery Vibration and Rotordynamics. New York: Penguin Random House, 2013,           pp. 175–225.

[4]     A. Brandon, “Vibration analysis resolves vibration equipment problems,” in Fundamental and             Advanced Vibration Analysis. New York: Wiley, 2014, ch. 7, pp. 129–134.

[5]     Engineers Australia (2014, June). Vibration Analysis: Design and Troubleshooting, Engineers           Australia, Canberra. Accessed on: Feb. 1, 2017. [Online]. Available:                                                     www.engineersaustralia.org.au/vibration-analysis-design-troubleshooting

[6]     H Jingsong, G. S. Kino, and Q. H. Zhang, "Vibration analysis for electronic                                         equipment," Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 179-199,                 Feb. 2014. Accessed on: Feb, 2, 2017. [Online]. Available: Academic Search Premier

[7]     C. R. Ozansoy, "Vibration and Fatigue Analysis of Electronic Assemblies.", Ph.D. dissertation,           College of Eng. and Sc., Victoria Univ., Melb., Vic., 2012

 

You will likely use a mixture of both narrative and parenthetical In-text citations depending on how you wish to structure your sentences.  Using a mixture of both kinds will help you to produce an assignment that is more engaging to read.

IEEE Referencing Guide: A - Z